Since that found human on this earth
wondering about the origin of things and the reasons for their formation and
how they formed, and the ancient and important questions that preoccupied the
mind is the question on the origin of the universe.
There are many ideas and opinions, some of
which legends and others became unrealistic ideas and some theories obsolete.
The modern theory that explains the origin of the universe, which had been
popular among scientists is (the Big Bang theory).
Big
Bang theory
The big Bang cosmic accident occurred
before (15 billion) a year when the entire universe was compressed in a single
atomic molecule is one point scientists called it (atom primitive). And that
the size of this point was equal to zero and infinite mass. This means that the
universe was a pure energy.
Can
shorten the theory: that before (15) billion years ago a tremendous explosion
occurred in the primitive atom, they contain a total of matter and energy.
In the
first moments of the massive explosion the temperature rose to several
trillion, which created the parts of atoms, and these parts have created atoms,
atoms of hydrogen and helium, and these atoms originated cosmic dust which
originated from galaxies later, then formed the stars and planets and still in
the meantime, consisting of the universe was still in a state of expansion and
expansion, and so the Big Bang not only led to the emergence of a new atomic
particle, but to the existence of the concepts of space and time, which was
impossible to talk with them before the material.
Scientists
who established the Big Bang theory many, but most notably: Belgian priest (George
Le Maitre) who suggested Year (1927), a new picture of the origins and
evolution of the universe, has agreed with him to it (George Gamov) .
Evidence
of the occurrence of the Big Bang:
There are many phenomena which refers to
the occurrence of the Big Bang:
Continuously Expanding of
Universe:
Scientists observed that everywhere in the
universe that there are galaxies diverge from each other with speeds very
formidable.
It was
believed that galaxies are moving randomly and therefore (according to Doppler
effect) expectation was that the number of shifts toward red will equal shifts
toward blue and the outcome would be zero (no shift)
(Edwin
Hubble) in the first half of the twentieth century had reached by using the
famous telescope (Hubble Telescope) to the idea of expansion of the universe.
(Hubble)
when monitoring galaxies. And monitoring the spectra of galaxies show that all
galaxies recorded a shift towards the red means that all galaxies moving away
from us, and also the amount of redshift (Which represents the speed of light source or
galaxy) is not randomly between galaxies, but directly proportional to the
distance of the galaxy from Earth (This means that the speed of move away
galaxies from Earth commensurate with the distance from the Earth), so be sure
(Hubble) that the universe is not static as was the belief prevailed, but
widening. It was a surprise stunned many scientists.
Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation:
In (1948) George Gamov reach a new idea
related to the explosion big, that if the universe may constitute suddenly the
explosion was great and is supposed to be a small amount of specific radiation
left over from the explosion and most of it must be homogeneous across the
whole universe.
In
(1964) (Arno Penziaz) and (Robert Wilson) researchers are working at Bell telephone company, they make the experience
for wireless communication and by chance they found a radio signal, coming from
all directions in the sky at all times and constantly. And interpreted these
radio signals as the rest of the radiation caused by the Big Bang.
Have been estimated that the temperature of
the rest of radiation three degrees Celsius, so Benzias and Wilson have won the
Nobel Prize in (1978) .
The big
Bang theory explains that radiation, when the universe was very small and
before stars and galaxies of the universe was very hot and it was very full of
dust (smoke) very hot and distributed evenly in all parts of it, The components
of this smoke was a plasma of hydrogen, protons and electrons which is free due
to the intensity of the heat and the large energy which was incurred,
And the universe began to expand, and thus
the temperature of the plasma began to decrease,
And thus linked each of protons and
electrons through the static electric force even formed hydrogen atoms.
after that The universe began to be
transparent, and the photons scattered in all parts but that capacity started
to weaken as filling the same number of photons increasing volume as a result
of the speed of expansion of the universe, and these photons is that today
constitute the background radiation micron cosmic, decreased temperature across
some 13.7 billion of years (estimated age is astronomical for the universe to
be reached to the background temperature at the moment and that up to 2.72
Kelvin across the observable universe).
